Brémault-Phillips et al.
This study aimed to inform veterans about the risks and benefits of using medical and recreational cannabis. It followed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, using a survey, focus groups, and scoping review. Focus groups were held with veterans, service providers/clinicians, producers/purveyors, as well as policy and decision makers.
Results from the survey indicated that most respondents felt there was little-to-no risk of harm when consuming cannabis through smoking or oral consumption, regardless of frequency. They perceived a slight to moderate risk of harm when consuming cannabis through vaping on a regular basis. Reasons for cannabis use included chronic pain/back pain, depression, PTSD, sleep-wake disorders, and anxiety relief. Overall cannabis-related improvements in physical and mental health, and relationships with friends and family, were noted by survey respondents.
The focus groups confirmed the abovementioned benefits and reasons for cannabis use reported by veterans. Clinicians and policy makers expressed concerns about increasing medical cannabis authorizations and use among Veterans. Stigma was also noted as hindering open discussions about cannabis use.
The scoping review found that there is a lack of information on the specific strains and amounts of cannabis used by veterans. Veterans' backgrounds and health conditions can greatly affect their experiences, which leads to mixed results in the research and a disconnect between what is reported in studies and veterans' own experiences.
This report highlighted the importance of (i) providing reliable information about cannabis use, (ii) reducing stigma around cannabis use, (iii) considering discussing medical cannabis use early on with veteran populations, and (iv) providing medical supervision/follow-up when using cannabis for specific medical ailments.
